Python Material - Part -3 Operators

 __author__ = "Narendra Boyina"

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Copyright (c) 2025 BR Technologies PVT LTD
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                                PART -1
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"""
Topics to be covered in today's class:
--> classification of operators
--> Arithmetic operators
--> Comparison operators
--> Logical operators
--> Assignment operators
--> Identity operators
--> Bitwise operators
--> Membership operators
"""


"""
operators are classified in to 3 types 
1. Unary operators (python don't support Unary operators) Ex: a++ a-- ++a --a
2. binary operators  --> Which requires 2 Operends to perform operation Ex: a+b x-y
3. ternary operators --> Which requires 3 Operends to perform operation a b c
"""
"""  Binary operators ()"""

"""
1. Arithmetic operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations like addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, floor division, power ..etc.
"""
# print("******** Arithmetic operators ********")


x = 9  # this is 1st input --> initialization
y = 2  # this is 2nd input --> initialization

# print('addition value = ', x+y)  # this will perform addition

# Subtract right operand from the left
# print('Subtract value = ', x - y)

# Multiply two operands
# print('x * y =', x * y)

# Divide left operand by the right one (always results into float)
# print('x / y =', x / y)  # Always output of division operator is Float data type

# Modulus - remainder of the division of left operand by the right (x % y (remainder of x/y) )
# print('x % y =', x % y)

# # # Floor division with integer - division that results into whole number adjusted to the left in the number line
"""
If both inputs are integer values then output will be integer, 
if any one of input value is float data type then result will be float value
"""


x = 5
y = 3

# print("x / y =", x / y)
# print('x // y =', x//y)

# # Floor division - with float  values
x = 50
y = 4.5
# print('x // y =',x//y)

# # ** acts as power
x = 2
y = 3

# print('x ** y =', x**y)


# salary expense tracker monthly
# salary = 100000
# rent = 10000
# utilities = 2000
# personal = 10000
# expenses = rent + utilities + personal
# saving = salary - expenses
# print("monthly salary :", salary)
# print("monthly expenses are :", expenses)
# print("monthly savings are :", saving)
# emi = 45762
# saving = saving - 45762
# print(saving)

"""
2. Comparison operators
=======================

Comparison operators are used to compare values.
It either returns True or False according to the condition.
"""
# print("******** Comparison operators ********")
x = 10
y = 12

# print('x > y  is', x > y)
# #
# print('x < y  is', x < y)
# #
# print('x >= y is', x >= y)
# #
# print('x <= y is', x <=y)
# #
# print('x == y is', x == y)
# #
# print('x != y is', x != y)

"""
3. Logical operators
===================
Logical operators are the and, or, not operators
It either returns True or False according to the condition"""

# print("******** Logical operators ********")
# x = True
# y = False
#
# print('x and y is', x and y)
# print('x or y is', x or y)
# print(not y)

"""
4. Assignment operators
======================
Assignment operators are the extention of arthametic operators
Assignment operators are used in Python to assign values to variables.

a = 5 is a simple assignment operator that assigns the value 5 on the right to the variable a on the left.
There are various compound operators in Python like a += 5 that adds to the variable and later assigns the same.
It is equivalent to a = a + 5.

Operator Example Equivalent to

+=  =====> x += 5 ===>  x = x + 5
-=  =====> x -= 5 ===>  x = x - 5
*=  =====> x *= 5 ===>  x = x * 5
/=  =====> x /= 5 ===>  x = x / 5
%=  =====> x %= 5 ===>  x = x % 5
**= =====>  x **= 5 ===>  x = x ** 5
"""
# print("******** Assignment operators ********")
# x = 5
# x += 5  # x = x + 5 it is a in-line comment
# print(x)
# x -= 5  # x= x-5
# print(x)
#
# x *= 5
# print(x)
# #
# x /= 5  # x =x/5
# print(x)
#
# x = 42  # TAKEN NEW X VALUE
# x %= 5  # x = x % 5   Modulus operator will give remainder value
# print(x)
#
#
# x = 18  # TAKEN NEW X VALUE
# x //= 5  # x = x // 5
# print(x)
#
# x = 2
# x **= 4  # x = x**4
# print(x)

"""
5. Identity operators
=================
"is" and "is not" are the identity operators in Python.
They are used to check if two values (or variables) are located on the same part of the memory.
"""

# print("******** Identity operators ********")
# x1 = 15  # initialisation
# print(type(x1))
# print(id(x1)) # to check memory address we have to use id() builtin-function
# y1 = 15
# print(id(y1))
# print(x1 is y1)
# print(x1 is not y1)

# x2 = 'Narendra'
# print(type(x2))
# print(id(x2))
# y2 = 'Narendra'
# print(id(y2))
# print(x2 is y2)   # Output:

# x3 = [1, 2, 3]   # if you place multiple values inside Square brackets separated by coma operator
# print(type(x3))
# print(id(x3))
# y3 = [1, 2, 3]
# print(id(y3))
# print(x3 is y3)

# x3 = (1, 2, 3)  # tuple   => Immutable object
# print(type(x3))
# print(id(x3))
# y3 = (1, 2, 3)
# print(id(y3))
# print(x3 is y3)
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                                PART -2
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6. Membership operators:
   ====================
The membership operators in Python are used to test whether a value is found
within a sequence (such as strings, lists, or tuples ......)
--> Two membership operators ("in", "not in") exist in Python

"""
in – evaluates to True if the value in the left operand appears in the sequence
found in the right operand
"""
# print('Hello' in 'Hello world!')
# print('!' in 'Hello world!')
# print('house' in 'Hello world!')
# print('hello' in 'Hello world!')  # # False // note that Python is case-sensitive


"""not in – evaluates to True if the value in the left operand doesn’t appear in
the sequence found in the right operand"""

# print('Hello' not in 'Hello world!')  # False
# print('car' not in 'Hello world!')  # True
"""
7. Bitwise operators
================
It operates bit by bit, hence the name.
For example, 2 is 10 in binary, and 7 is 111. ( 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 code)
"""
# print("******** Bitwise operators ********")
X = 10  # (0000 1010 in binary)
Y = 7  # (0000 0111 in binary)
# print("X&Y value is", X & Y)  # & Binary AND
# print("X|Y value is", X | Y)  # | Binary OR
# print("X^Y value is", X ^ Y)  # ^ Binary XOR if both are 1 then result is 0
# Y = 7
# print(" ~Y value is", ~Y)   # ~ Bitwise Complement
# Bitwise Complement of value is -(value+1) ==> -(-7+1)  ==>-(-6) ==> 6
# # Ex:   x = 7  ==> ~x ==> -8
# #       y = 12 ==> ~y ==> -13

# print(" x<<2 value is", X << 2)  # << Binary Left Shift
# print(" Y>>2 value is", Y >> 2)
Author: Boyina Narendra
Supporting Author: M. Meera Sindhu
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